医学生人格特质与共情能力的相关性研究

目的  测评医学生的共情能力现状，探讨人格特质对其共情能力的影响,为培养医学生的共情能力提供对策。方法  以上海市3所高校临床医学专业学生为研究对象，采用班级整群抽样的方式进行问卷调研。采用杰斐逊共情量表-医学生版（JSPE-S）和大五人格量表（NEO-FFI）分别评估医学生的共情和人格特质。结果  共发放问卷2 020份，回收有效问卷1 958份，有效率为96.93%。医学生的共情能力总分均值为（103.24±14.35）。共情能力总分与大五人格中的“外向性”“开放性”“宜人性”“严谨性”维度呈显著正相关（r=0.154~0.406, P<0.01），与大五人格中的“神经质”维度呈显著负相关（r=-0.175, P<0.01）。分层回归结果表明：“共情重要性”和“大五人格”量表的5个维度进入回归方程。其中，人格因素占可解释方差变异量的16.2%（P<0.01）。结论  我国医学生的共情能力低于国外医学生，重视人格特质的塑造有助于提高其共情能力。     

微信小程序合并时间管理器在眼科患儿监护人出院宣教中的应用效果

目的 探讨微信小程序合并时间管理器在眼科患儿出院宣教中的应用效果,为眼科护士出院宣教干预提供借鉴。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取98例眼科患儿监护人作为研究对象,将2021年2月-5月住院的49例患儿的监护人作为对照组,进行眼科常规出院宣教,将2021年6月-9月住院的49例患儿的监护人作为观察组,使用微信小程序合并时间管理器进行出院宣教干预。比较2组患儿监护人对疾病相关知识知晓情况、满意度及按时复诊人数。结果 干预1个月后,观察组疾病相关知识问卷得分、满意度得分及按时复诊率均高于对照组(t=-5.223,P=0.001;t=-5.419,P=0.001;χ²=6.874,P=0.009)。结论 使用微信小程序合并时间管理器在眼科病房进行出院宣教,能有效提高患儿监护人出院后疾病相关知识水平、按时就诊率及监护人满意度,提升护理服务质量。     

Cardiac Denervation for Arrhythmia Treatment with Transesophageal Ultrasonic Strategy in Canine Models

Stellate ganglion (SG) modification has been investigated for arrhythmia treatment. In this study, transesophageal SG imaging and intervention were explored using a homemade 30F integrated focused ultrasonic catheter in healthy mongrel canines in vivo. Anatomic details of SGs were ultrasonically imaged and evaluated. SG had a heterogeneous echoic structure and characteristic profiles sketched by hyper-echoic outlines in an ultrasonogram. Left SGs in the experimental group were successfully ablated through the esophagus under ultrasonic guidance provided by the catheter itself. Two weeks after the ablation, the QT and QTc of the experimental group decreased compared with those of the sham group and at baseline (both p values < 0.001). Histologic examination revealed that left SGs were destroyed. No major complications were observed. This approach may be further explored as a method for ganglia remodeling evaluation and as a strategy of ganglia modification for arrhythmia and for other diseases.     

新生儿肺部超声在早产儿肺部感染评价中的价值

目的 探讨新生儿肺部超声在早产儿肺部感染评价中的价值。 方法 选取肺部感染早产儿80例为观察组，无肺部感染的早产儿80例为对照组，均给予新生儿肺部超声检查，比较2组肺部超声评分、氧合指数、呼吸指数，比较观察组不同病情、预后患儿肺部超声评分、氧合指数、呼吸指数,分析肺部超声评分和氧合指数、呼吸指数的相关性。 结果 观察组肺部超声评分、氧合指数低于对照组，呼吸指数高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组极危重患儿肺部超声评分、氧合指数低于危重和非危重患儿，呼吸指数高于危重和非危重患儿，危重患儿肺部超声评分、氧合指数低于非危重患儿，呼吸指数高于非危重患儿，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。肺部超声评分与呼吸指数呈负相关（r=-0.455，P＜0.05），与氧合指数呈正相关（r=0.470，P＜0.05）。观察组死亡患儿肺部超声评分、氧合指数低于存活患儿，呼吸指数高于存活患儿，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。肺部超声评分预测患儿预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.874，高于呼吸指数和氧合指数（P＜0.05），其截断值为20分时，敏感度和特异度为88.50%和75.00%。 结论 新生儿肺部超声在早产儿肺部感染评价中有较好的效果，值得临床使用。     

基于网络药理学的气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛活性作用分析

目的通过网络药理学的方法预测气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛主要活性成分的作用靶点,结合中医方解配伍理论对其多成分-多靶点-多通路的作用进行分析。方法基于TCMSP中药系统生物学分析数据库收集气滞胃痛颗粒中6味中药的主要化学成分,并借助LC-MS技术对所筛成分进行分析,通过TCMSP检索和Pharmmapper软件预测获取各成分主要的作用靶标,并通过DIP数据库,利用蛋白质相互作用信息建立药物靶标与炎症疼痛靶标的关联,构建药物-靶标-疾病网络,通过网络特征分析气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛的作用靶标,阐释其抗炎镇痛的主要作用机制。结果根据网络分析,共有44个炎症疼痛靶点与气滞胃痛颗粒密切相关,其中直接作用靶点有20个,主要是对环加氧酶-2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)等蛋白酶的作用,作用机制可能与调节肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路、NOD样受体(NLR)信号通路、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路等与炎症疼痛密切相关的信号通路有关。结论气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛作用体现了中药多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用特点,该研究为深入阐释气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛作用机制提供科学依据,并且进一步说明了中医药古方配伍理论的科学性。     

Rural–urban disparities in knowledge,behaviors, and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic: A community-based cross-sectional survey

To examine the knowledge level, behaviors, and psychological status of the Chinese population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the differences between urban and rural areas.We carried out a cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, behaviors related to COVID-19, and mental health in a probability sample of 3001 community residents in 30 provinces or districts across China from February 16–23, 2020. Convenience sampling and a snowball sampling were adopted. We used General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and knowledge and behaviors questionnaire of community residents regarding COVID-19 designed by us to investigate the psychological status, disease-related knowledge, and the behavior of Chinese urban and rural residents during the pandemic.The average score of anxiety and depression among urban residents was 9.15 and 11.25, respectively, while the figures in rural areas were 8.69 and 10.57, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of anxiety (P < .01) and depression (P < .01). Urban participants reported significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding COVID-19 in all aspects (transmission, prevention measures, symptoms of infection, treatment, and prognosis) (P < .01), compared to their rural counterparts. While a majority of respondents in urban areas obtained knowledge through WeChat, other apps, and the Internet (P < .01), residents in rural areas accessed information through interactions with the community (P < .01). Urban residents fared well in exchanging knowledge about COVID-19 and advising others to take preventive measures (P < .01), but fared poorly in advising people to visit a hospital if they displayed symptoms of the disease, compared to rural residents (P < .01). Regression analysis with behavior showed that being female (OR = 2.106, 95%CI = 1.259–3.522), aged 18 ≤ age < 65 (OR = 4.059, 95%CI = 2.166–7.607), being satisfied with the precautions taken by the community (OR = 2.594, 95%CI = 1.485–4.530), disinfecting public facilities in the community (OR = 2.342, 95%CI = 1.206–4.547), having knowledge of transmission modes (OR = 3.987, 95%CI: 2.039, 7.798), symptoms (OR = 2.045, 95%CI = 1.054–4.003), and outcomes (OR = 2.740, 95%CI = 1.513–4.962) of COVID-19, and not having anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.578, 95%CI = 1.127–5.901) were positively associated with affirmative behavior in urban areas. Being married (OR = 4.960, 95%CI = 2.608–9.434), being satisfied with the precautions taken by the community (OR = 2.484, 95%CI = 1.315–4.691), screening to ensure face mask wearing before entering the community (OR = 8.809, 95%CI = 2.649–19.294), and having knowledge about precautions (OR = 4.886, 95%CI = 2.604–9.167) and outcomes (OR = 2.657, 95%CI = 1.309–5.391) were positively associated with acceptable conduct in rural areas.The status of anxiety and depression among urban residents was more severe compared to those living in rural areas. There was a difference in being positively associated with constructive behaviors between rural and urban areas.     

Comparison of auditory steady-state response and click-evoked auditory brain response in infants with different types and degrees of hearing loss

Abstract

Background: Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and click-evoked auditory brain response (c-ABR) have been used for hearing assessment for decades years, the correlation of the two methods and the effects of type and degree of hearing loss (HL) to the correlation in infants younger than 6?months of age are unclear.

Objectives: To compare the correlation of ASSR and c-ABR and then to analyse the effects of type and degree of HL on the correlation in infants younger than 6?months of age.

Material and methods: Retrospective study comparing ASSR thresholds at various frequencies with c-ABR thresholds. 182 ears from 96 infants were assessed and classified according to types and degrees of HL.

Results: The correlation coefficients were: 0.823, 0.864, 0.891, 0.871, 0.908, 0.915 and 0.913 between ASSR thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 2–4, 1–2–4, 0.5–1–2–4?kHz and c-ABR thresholds respectively. The correlation coefficients in the group of sensorineural HL (SHL) (r?=?0.763–0.900) were higher than conductive HL (r?=?0.309–0.619) across all frequencies. The coefficients of severe-profound SHL (r?=?0.595–0.790) were higher than mild-moderate SHL (r?=?0.434–0.687) across all frequencies.

Conclusions and significance: ASSR was one valuable cross-check measure by providing frequency specific information in auditory assessment.     

药学干预对喹诺酮类药物应用影响

目的 探索药学干预对喹诺酮类药物应用的影响.方法 选取2016年3月—2017年3月到医院接受喹诺酮类药物治疗的患者进行研究,分为药物干预前、干预后两组,喹诺酮类药物使用过程中采用药学干预的方法 进行护理,对比干预前后喹诺酮类药物的耐药率、不合理用药率和不合理使用情况.结果 药学干预后,喹诺酮类药物对肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率降低,且不合理联合用药、不合理用法用量和用药禁忌等不合理用药率也显著降低,不合理使用情况也在逐渐减少(P<0.05).结论 药学干预对喹诺酮类药物的应用效果显著.     

藏药绿萝花中1个新的香豆素

目的研究结香属藏药绿萝花(滇结香Edgeworthia gardneri干燥花蕾)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、AB-8大孔树脂、sephadex LH-20、pre-HPLC等色谱方法对绿萝花进行分离纯化,根据理化常数测定及波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从绿萝花70%乙醇提取物中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为绿萝花苷C(1)、西瑞香素-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、(3S)-1,2,3,4-四氢-β-咔啉-3-羧酸(3)、二氢山柰酚(4)。结论化合物1为新化合物,化合物4为首次从该属植物中分离得到。